History of Astrophytum capricorne (A. Dietrich) Britton et Rose with all varieties
used abbreviations like CA, CAE, CAI, CAN, CAR, CAS...
1851 (CA) POSELGER, H. finds during his America journey 1849-1852 Astrophytum capricorne at La Rinconada, Nuevo Leon, near Saltillo. It is astonishing that WISLIZENUS, A. F. visited exactly this place already in 24. May 1847 without mentioning Astrophytum capricorne. It has to be gathered from his report that he didn't open any place for the night there: WISLIZENUS, A. (1848): A Tour to Northern Mexico, Rio Grande Press Inc., New Mexico: 76
1851 (CA) Original description of Echinocactus capricornis, (Astrophytum capricorne) by DIETRICH, A. (1851): Beiträge zur Cacteenkunde (Echinocactus capricornis) Allgemeine Gartenzeitung 19 (35): 274-275
1851 (CA) LINKE and HASELOFF, German collectors, also get plants from POSELGER as DIETRICH reports
1851 (CA) the first flower of Echinocacus capricornis in Europe in the collection of HEYDER, E. in Berlin
1890 (CA) DAUL, A. reports in "Illustriertes Handbuch der Kakteenkunde", page 60, that the lost Echinocactus capricornis were recently found again
1891 (CAI) RUNGE, collector from San Antonio, Texas, finds Astrophytum capricorne v. minus near Saltillo
1892 (CAI) Original description of Echinocactus capricornis v. minor (Astrophytum capricorne v. minus) RUNGE, C.; QUEHL, L. (1892): Echinocactus capricornis DIETR. var. minor RUNGE Monatsschrift f. Kakteenkunde 2 (6): 82
1903 (CA) DE LAET imports plants from Mexico and presents the German cactuses company photos
1903 (CAI) PURPUS, J.A. reports that his brother PURPUS, C. A found new forms (named alfa-beta-forms) of Echinocactus capricornis in Mexico
1903 (CAI) DAMS, E. describes these finds in the journal Monatsschrift für Kakteenkunde: Formen des Echinocactus capricornis Dietr. 14, (12): 183-184
1903 (CAS) Report about the travels of C.A. PURPUS in Mexico and his found of a new "Echinocactus capricornis..." in the "Gartenwelt"
1904 (CAS) DAMS describes the PURPUS plants as a "form Beta of Echinocactus capricornus"
1911 (CAS) In the October session of the German cactuses company an Echinocactus capricornus is discussed. The plant is from the collection H. FRANCK, Frankfurt (identical with A. FRANCK from the text of DAMS 1904?). The plant has "long shaggy wool hair ... so that were found at an areole up to 25 thorns ... "
1912 (CAS) Dr. A. WALTHER from Parras in Coahuila collects and delivers for DE LAET in the Netherlands Echinocatus capricornus v. senilis
1922 (CA) Britton et Rose recombine Echinocactus capricornus to Astrophytum capricorne
1922 (CAE) first mention as Echinocactus capricornis occidentalis (Astrophytum capricorne v. aureum) OCHOTERENA, I. (1922): Las Cactaceas de Mexico Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico: 112-113
1923 (CAS) A.V. FRIC finds A. capricorne v. senile in the Sierra de Parras common with AGUIRRE BENAVIDES
1924 (CAS) First mentioning of the name Astrophytum senile by FRIC in Zahraduickich Listu, p. 120
1925 (CA) ROST, E. C. describes in the journal Zeitschrift f. Sukkulentenkunde volume 2, part (8), page 138-142 the genus Maierocactus GEN. NOV. and takes Astrophytum capricorne as type species. An embarrassed error for the author and scientifically absolutely wrong. (the genus is characterized by fruit and seed, no species)
1925 (CAE) original description of Echinocactus capricornus v. aureus by H. MÖLLER in der Zeitschrift für Sukkulentenkunde
1925 (CAI) further description, Echinocactus capricornus v. minor (Astrophytum capricorne v. minus) MÖLLER, H. (1925): Echinocactus capricornus DIETR. und seine Varietäten Zeitschrift f. Sukkulentenkunde 2 (7): 128
1925 (CAR) Original description of Echinocactus capricornus v. crassispinus (Astrophytum capricorne v. crassispinum) MÖLLER, H. (1925): Echinocactus capricornus DIETR. und seine Varietäten Zeitschrift f. Sukkulentenkunde 2 (7): 129. The plants reached Europe from the MÖLLER's brother Arthur, San Pedro, Mexico. VIERECK later sent plants to KAYSER which were similar to the MÖLLER-specimens and therefore provided confusion in the following period.
1925 (CAS) First description as Astrophytum senile by A.V. FRIC in Zivot V Prirode
1930 (CAN) collected Viereck on a voyage to Sonora a variety of Astrophytum capricorne (Echinocactus capricornis) unknown till then.
1933 (CAE) recombination to Astrophytum capricorne v. aureum OKUMURA, Y. (1933): Classification of Astrophytum, Syaboten-no-Kenkyu 4: 174-175, 195-201, 215-216; page 175.
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1933 (CAN) Original description of Echinocactus capricornis v. niveus, (Astrophytum capricorne v. niveum) KAYSER, K. (1933): Echinocts. (Astroph.) capricornis niveus var. n. Kakteenkunde Jg. 1933 (1): 31-32 of the plants which Viereck had collected. Kayser has ordered the plants from Viereck in Mexico after he had seen them at Haage before.
1933 (CAN) Recombination to Astrophytum capricorne v. niveum OKUMURA, Y. (1933): Classification of Astrophytum, Syaboten-no-Kenkyu 4: 174-175, 195-201, 215-216; Seite / page 174
1933 (CAI) recombination to Astrophytum capricorne v. minus by OKUMURA, Y. (1933): Classification of Astrophytum, Syaboten-no-Kenkyu 4: 174-175, 195-201, 215-216; Seite / page 175
1933 (CAR) Recombination to Astrophytum capricorne v. crassispinum OKUMURA, Y. (1933): Classification of Astrophytum, Syaboten-no-Kenkyu 4: 174-175, 195-201, 215-216; page 175
1933 (CAS) Recombination of Astrophytum senile FRIC by OKUMURA to the variety Astrophytum capricorne v. senile in Sya boten-no-Kenkyu (Japan)
1934 (CAR) Original description of the form Astrophytum capricorne v. crassispinum f. major OKUMURA, Y. (1934): Syaboten-no-Kenkyu 5:The answers from Mr. A. F. Möller: page 103
1934 (CAR) Original description of the form Astrophytum capricorne v. crassispinum f. minor OKUMURA, Y. (1934): Syaboten-no-Kenkyu 5:The answers from Mr. A. F. Möller: page 103
1937 (CAE) recombination of the MÖLLER Echinocactus capricornus v. aureus to Astrophytum senile v. aureus by BACKE BERG
1937 (CAN) Backeberg writes that he also got plants of Viereck, BACKEBERG, C. (1937): Astrophytum capricorne (DIETR.) BR. & R. var. niveum KAYS., Blätter f. Kakteenforschung, Jg. 1937-10.
1937 (CAS) Recombination of MÖLLER's Echinocactus capricornus v. aureus to Astrophytum senile v. aureus by BACKE BERG
1939 (CAN) Viereck corrects the again and again wrongly quoted location Sonora in the periodical Beiträge zur Sukkulentenkunde, volume 1, page 8
1957 (CAN) Recombination to Astrophytum niveum (Astrophytum capricorne v. niveum) HAAGE, W.; SADOVSKY, O. (1957): Revision in der Gattung Astrophytum Kakt. and. Sukk. 8 (9): 137-138. The authors try to award species rank to the variety, what, however, scientifically is intolerable and was appreciated by nobody later.
1957 (CAR) No expert followed the trial to declare a seperated species like: Astrophytum crassispinum, recombination (Astrophytum capricorne v. crassispinum) HAAGE, W.; SADOVSKY, O. (1957): Revision in der Gattung Astrophytum Kakt. and. Sukk. 8 (9): 137-138
1960 (CAN) Backeberg transfers the location of Astrophytum capricorne v. niveum again by a read error in the first description to Sonora. BACKEBERG, C., Die Cactaceae, Bd.V: 2673
1960 (CAI) Backeberg reports that Astrophytum capricorne v. minus is lost
1975 (CAI) news from the plants in the snow by KLAUS. KLAUS, W. (1975): Astrophyten im Schnee, Kakt. and. Sukk. Band 26, Heft (6), Seite 134-137. Obviously it is the original habitat, which H. Hoock and U. Bernhard 1985 visit again and study the area.
1981 (CAR) Astrophytum capricorne v. crassispinum nudum (Astrophytum capricorne v. crassispinum) ITO, Y. (1981): The Cactaceae - Classification and Illustration of Cacti by Yoshio Ito Japan: 514. It makes less sense to define a nude Astrophytum capricorne v. crassispinum because the flake-less epidermis is an imortant feature for the variety in the first description 1925. ITO causes only synonyms and tautology. Also A. capricorne crassispinum nudum in the "Verzeichnis" of KREUZINGER is only a name.
1985 (CAN) U. Bernhard and H. Hoock find a mixed population of Astrophytum capricorne v. niveum with nude and dense flaked plants west of Cuatro Cienegas. Primarily the powerfully spined nude plants remind at the lost variety crassispinum. They regard the new find as a form of Astrophytum capricorne v. niveum.
1986 (CAN) First mention of Astrophytum capricorne v. niveum f. nudum by BERNHARD, U.; HOOCK, H. (1986): Die Astrophyten von Cuatro Cienegas Kakt. and. Sukk. 37 (7): 142-144
Astrophytum capricorne
Astrophytum capricorne v. aureum
Astrophytum capricorne v. crassispinum
Astrophytum capricorne v. minus
Astrophytum capricorne v. niveum
Astrophytum capricorne v. senile
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